Ghana’s 2027 Budget and the BRICS Question: A strategy without a policy is only a wish

When that shift happens, incomes rise, tax revenue widens, the currency strengthens, and debt becomes easier to carry. When it does not, a country stays exposed to commodity prices, exchange-rate shocks, and endless borrowing. Ghana has lived the second story. Gold, cocoa, and later oil dominated exports, while extractive industries drove growth without creating enough jobs. That is the classic resource trap: rich ground, thin factories.