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0 The President’s State of the Nation Address was, in many respects, reassuring and forward-looking. It provided confidence at a moment when economic recovery requires both stability and optimism. The emphasis on infrastructure renewal, industrial growth, fiscal discipline, and national cohesion reflected an administration seeking to restore momentum while confronting structural challenges. That effort deserves commendation.
Leadership must not only diagnose problems but also inspire collective belief in the possibility of progress. Yet patriotism demands more than applause. It demands reflection, particularly when ambition risks outrunning economic logic. It is within this spirit of constructive engagement that the proposal to build an airport in Bolgatanga must be examined.
History offers both inspiration and caution. Kwame Nkrumah remains one of the most visionary architects of modern Ghana. His industrialisation agenda sought to liberate the country from colonial dependency and reposition it as a manufacturing hub within Africa.
However, vision alone does not guarantee sustainability. Nkrumah made mistakes too. At times, ambition exceeded the limits imposed by economic fundamentals. The glass factory at Aboso and the meat processing factory at Bolgatanga were conceived on the assumption that raw materials would be readily available in sufficient and sustained quantities to support production, not merely to survive, but to compete globally. Industrialisation requires more than patriotic enthusiasm or anticipated demand. It requires dependable supply chains, logistical foresight, and long-term market integration.
In practice, those assumptions proved overly optimistic. While demand for finished products existed, many fledgling factories struggled to secure the abundance and reliability of inputs envisaged. Ambition outpaced economic fundamentals. The lesson is not to abandon bold thinking. Rather, it is to discipline ambition with realism. Ghana must therefore resist repeating historical patterns where large-scale projects are pursued for symbolism without sufficient regard for long term utilization.
The same caution applies directly to infrastructure planning today. Sound transportation policy must correspond to geography, demand, and productivity. Tamale and Bolgatanga are separated by roughly 150 kilometres. The total flight duration between them is approximately forty minutes, including takeoff and landing procedures. In practical terms, passengers would likely spend more time arriving early at terminals, checking in, clearing security, boarding aircraft, taxiing, and disembarking than they would actually spend in the air. When administrative processes exceed travel time, aviation ceases to be an efficiency solution and instead becomes an expensive redundancy.
Moreover, airports are among the most capital-intensive public investments a developing economy can undertake. They require sophisticated air traffic control systems, specialised maintenance, security operations, trained aviation personnel, and often continuous operational subsidies. Without sustained passenger volumes or cargo demand, such facilities struggle to justify their recurring costs. Infrastructure that does not generate consistent economic activity gradually transforms from a national asset into a fiscal obligation.
Significantly, this debate is not unique to Bolgatanga. Similar calls have periodically emerged from sections of the Fante community advocating for an airport in Cape Coast. The emotional appeal is understandable. Every region desires visible symbols of development. However, policy must ultimately be guided by economic coherence rather than sentiment. Cape Coast lies approximately 145 kilometres from Accra and about 130 kilometres from Takoradi. By road, both cities are accessible within two to two and a half hours. A commercial flight across such a short corridor would be extremely brief, raising legitimate questions about patronage levels and operational sustainability.
Consequently, a troubling dilemma emerges. If Ghana justifies an airport in Bolgatanga despite its proximity to Tamale, yet declines similar demands elsewhere because of proximity to existing airports, the development risks appear inconsistent. National planning cannot oscillate between economic logic and regional appeasement. Once infrastructure decisions begin to mirror ethnic expectations or political balancing rather than strategic necessity, scarce national resources become fragmented across multiple underutilised projects.
Indeed, Ghana already possesses a recent and instructive example. The Ho Airport was commissioned amid optimism and national pride. Expectations were high. Yet commercial flights were eventually suspended because patronage could not sustain operations. The lesson is empirical rather than partisan. Infrastructure without sustained demand becomes a recurring financial burden, tying up resources that could have delivered broader economic multipliers elsewhere.
To be clear, aviation expansion itself is not inherently misguided. Where geography and demand justify it, airports can serve as powerful engines of growth. Tamale to Accra makes commercial sense because of the distance and passenger volume. Wa and Sunyani, given their geographic positioning and relative isolation, present more defensible aviation cases.
However, Bolgatanga, much like Cape Coast, raises serious concerns about duplication and long-term utilisation within a geographically compact country. The deeper question, therefore, is strategic allocation. What kind of infrastructure truly transforms economies? Airports primarily serve passenger mobility and specialised cargo movement. Railways and high-quality road networks, by contrast, transform production systems. They reduce freight costs for farmers transporting cocoa, maize, vegetables, and livestock. They connect agrarian communities to urban markets. They support industrial clustering by lowering logistical expenses. Most importantly, they serve low and middle-income citizens whose livelihoods depend on moving goods rather than boarding aeroplanes.
History again provides clarity. The American Midwest and western territories were not unlocked through short-distance aviation infrastructure. They were opened by rail. The Transcontinental Railroad did not merely move passengers across geography. It moved agricultural produce, machinery, migration, investment capital, and opportunity. Entire towns emerged along rail corridors. Markets expanded. Productivity multiplied.
Encouragingly, the President has already demonstrated awareness of this strategic reality through the Ghana to Burkina Faso railway initiative. The proposed rail corridor linking Ghana’s ports to Burkina Faso is not merely a transportation project. It represents recognition that future competitiveness in West Africa will depend on logistics efficiency, trade integration, and the ability to move bulk goods across borders at reduced cost.
However, this project must not remain an isolated flagship undertaking. It must become the foundation of a nationwide transportation philosophy. Rail infrastructure possesses a multiplier effect that airports simply cannot replicate within a geographically compact country such as Ghana. A single cross-border railway connecting Tema or Takoradi to Burkina Faso has the potential to transform northern Ghana into a logistical gateway for the Sahel. Agricultural produce, minerals, manufactured goods, and transit cargo would flow through Ghanaian ports, generating customs revenue, employment opportunities, and industrial clustering along the corridor.
The true strategic opportunity lies beyond a single northbound connection. The Burkina Faso railway must be aggressively expanded into a comprehensive cross-country network linking the northern agricultural belts to the middle belt manufacturing zones and ultimately to coastal ports. A railway spine connecting Tamale, Bolgatanga, Wa, Sunyani, Kumasi, Takoradi, Tema, and the Volta enclave would do far more to unlock national productivity than multiple short-distance domestic airports competing for limited passenger traffic.
Railways democratize mobility. They serve farmers transporting produce to markets. They support traders moving goods between regions. They reduce haulage costs for cement, timber, cocoa, manganese, and bauxite. They lower food prices in urban centres while increasing income opportunities in rural communities. In short, they integrate economies rather than merely connecting terminals.
Furthermore, cross-country rail expansion would reposition Ghana as the preferred maritime outlet for landlocked neighbours such as Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. In an era shaped by the African Continental Free Trade Area and shifting global supply chains, logistics dominance will determine economic leadership in West Africa.
Ultimately, the President’s address articulated an admirable desire to build and modernise. That aspiration deserves recognition. Strategic development demands courage. Sometimes that comes with an attempt not to satisfy everyone at all costs. The lessons of history, from Nkrumah’s industrial ambitions to contemporary infrastructure experiences, remind us that sustainability must guide ambition. This is my empathic viewpoint.
